Computational box

PISM performs all simulations in a computational box which is rectangular in the PISM coordinates. The coordinate system has horizontal coordinates $x,y$ and a vertical coordinate $z$. The $z$ coordinate is measured positive upward from the base of the ice.[1] The vector of gravity is in the negative $z$ direction. The surface $z=0$ is the base of the ice, however, and thus is usually not horizontal in the sense of being parallel to the geoid.

The surface $z=0$ is the base of the ice both when the ice is grounded and when the ice is floating.

When the ice is grounded, the true physical vertical coordinate $z^{\prime }$, namely the coordinate measured relative to a reference geoid, is given by

$$z^{\prime }=z+b(x,y),$$

where $b(x,y)$ is the bed topography. The top surface of the ice $h(x,y)$ is described by $h(x,y)=H(x,y)+b(x,y)$, where $H(x,y)$ is the ice thickness.

In the floating case, the physical vertical coordinate is

(1)$$z^{\prime }=z+z_{sl}-\frac{{\rho }_i}{{\rho }_w}H(x,y)$$

where ${\rho }_i$ is the density of ice, ${\rho }_w$ the density of sea water, and $z_{sl}$ is the sea level elevation. Again, the physical elevation of the bottom (top) surface of the ice relative to the geoid can be computed by substituting $z=0$ ($z=H(x,y)$) in (1).

Here the flotation criterion $z_{sl}-\frac{{\rho }_i}{{\rho }_w}H(x,y)>b(x,y)$ applies.

The computational box can extend downward into the bedrock. As $z=0$ is the base of the ice, the bedrock corresponds to negative $z$ values regardless of its true (i.e. $z^{\prime }$) elevation.

The extent of the computational box, along with its bedrock extension downward, is determined by four numbers Lx, Ly, Lz, and Lbz (see Fig. 17). The first two of these are half-widths and have units of kilometers when set by command-line options or displayed.

Fig. 17 PISM’s computational box

Configuration parameters controlling the domain size

1. grid­.Lbz (1000 meters) Thickness of the thermal bedrock layer. (Inactive if grid­.Mbz < 2)

2. grid­.Lx (no default value; units: km) Half-width of the computational box in the $X$ direction

3. grid­.Ly (no default value; units: km) Half-width of the computational box in the $Y$ direction

4. grid­.Lz (4000 meters) Height of the computational domain.

See section Grid registration for details about the interpretation of $L_x$, $L_y$, and the way the grid spacing is computed.

Footnotes

[1]

See On the vertical coordinate in PISM, and a critical change of variable for details.

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